2-Pyridone is a crucial building block in bioactive natural products and serves as a vital intermediate for the synthesis of bioactive nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Recent advancements in transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization have enabled the direct modification of 2-pyridones, circumventing the need for pre-functionalization. In this study, we report a Rh(III)-catalyzed, C6-selective C–H heteroarylation of 2-pyridones using cyclic iodonium ylides as carbene precursors. The versatility and broad applicability of this method are demonstrated through the efficient synthesis of diverse compounds featuring both 2-pyridone-pyridine and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives.