Recent research enhanced our understanding of perylene diimides (PDIs), especially their fluorescence and photothermal properties. Interplay between radiative and nonradiative transitions controls emission and heat generation. This review explores effective integration of these processes through molecular design within the PDI framework. It comprehensively discusses manipulating PDI structures for fluorescence and photothermal applications.

Abstract

Perylene diimides (PDIs) have received considerable attention as a versatile class of functional dyes owing to their flexible reaction sites and remarkable stability. Recent advances have enhanced our understanding of the fluorescence and photothermal conversion properties of PDI molecules. The interplay between radiative and nonradiative transitions controls the emission and heat generation processes in these molecules. This comprehensive overview summarizes the recent strategies for manipulating the structures of PDI molecules for fluorescence and photothermal conversion applications. Additionally, challenges and potential solutions associated with the usage of fluorescent and photothermal PDI molecules are discussed.