Sulfadiazine (SFZ) is an inexpensive large-consumption antibiotic used for treat bacterial infections but an excess of residues in food can be harmful. Fast and specific luminescence detection of SFZ is highly challenging because of the interference of structurally similar antibiotics. In this work, we develop a two-dimensional europium-organic coordination polymer with excellent luminescence and water stability for highly specific detection of SFZ in the range of 0 – 0.2 mM. Structural analysis shows that the high stability of coordination polymer is due to the high coordination number of europium ion and the special chelating coordination structure of ligands. The experiment results revealed that the high selectivity and effectively luminescence quenched behaviour of coordination polymer toward SFZ is caused by highly efficient inner filter effect.