CDs are promising electrocatalysis for HER, OER, ORR, CO₂RR and other reactions. This review aims to help readers better understand the application of CDs in the field of electrocatalysis, reveal the reasons that affect electrocatalytic performance, and guide for further constructing more efficient, stable, and green electrocatalysts.

Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted much attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their many advantages. These reactions are of great significance for energy conversion and storage, as well as environmental remediation. In this review, we summarize the latest achievements in the electrochemical applications of CDs and their composites, with a focus on environmentally relevant electrocatalysis. We present some representative examples of CDs-based electrocatalysts for different reactions and analyze the catalytic mechanisms and the factors that affect the electrocatalytic performance. Furthermore, we conclude with some challenging issues and future perspectives of this emerging material. This review aims to help readers better understand the application of CDs in the field of electrocatalysis, reveal the reasons that affect electrocatalytic performance, and guide further constructing more efficient, stable, and green electrocatalysts.