CO₂ hydrogenation to hydrocarbons over Fe-based catalysts offers a promising approach for CO₂ valorization. To achieve high process efficiency, a thorough understanding of the reaction mechanism and catalytically active phases is required. This concept article reviews recent advances in reaction pathways, active phases, and selectivity control options, with emphasis on spatial catalyst phase distribution and kinetic modeling approaches.

Abstract

To control anthropogenic CO₂ emissions worldwide, it is necessary not only to align the chemical industry and energy sector with renewable resources but also to implement large-scale utilization of CO₂ as a feedstock. The Fe-catalyzed CO₂-modified Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (CO₂-FTS) is one of the most promising options for efficient CO₂ utilization, as it can be used to synthesize desired higher hydrocarbons (C₂₊), including lower olefins (C₂ ⁼-C₄ ⁼), the main building blocks of the chemical industry, and long-chain hydrocarbons (C₅₊), which can be used as fuels. To optimize catalyst and process design for the purpose of developing an economically viable industrial process, the reaction mechanism and the factors controlling product selectivity need to be fully understood. This article discusses the current state-of-the-art in catalyst design and approaches for making effective progress in addressing these challenges.