Biocatalysis has proven to be a powerful and efficient method for synthesizing oxindoles, leveraging enzymes such as metalloenzymes, halohydrin dehalogenases, and oxygenases, among others. Additionally, the strategic integration of enzymatic reactions with chemical techniques, including photo-enzyme and electro-enzyme catalysis, creates new opportunities to enhance the biocatalytic synthesis of oxindoles.

Abstract

Oxindoles have demonstrated significant applications in medicinal chemistry and synthetic organic chemistry, making the development of efficient synthetic strategies for their preparation highly important. In addition to traditional chemical synthesis methods, biocatalysis has emerged as a powerful and effective approach for the synthesis of oxindoles. Biocatalysis offers unique advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, high selectivity, and environmental compatibility. In this review, we concentrate on biocatalytic methods for oxindole synthesis, encompassing both the formation of the oxindole core and the synthesis of its derivatives. It aims to serve as an essential reference for researchers in synthetic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and biocatalysis, encouraging further innovation in this significant area of study.