This review summarizes the research works related to the transformation of covalent- and metal-organic framework (COFs/MOFs) structures under a mild thermal treatment strategy (MTT), discusses the mechanism of transformation of the framework structure under this strategy, and proposes a designable scheme for future framework structure-derived porous catalysts based on this strategy.

Abstract

Mild thermal treatment (MTT) strategy is an emerging method for designing covalent/metal-organic frameworks (COFs/MOFs) derived porous catalysts, which can not only maintain their unique porous and periodic structures but also endow them with new properties. This review systematically examines the recent advancements in deriving materials from COFs/MOFs via MTT strategy. The discussion encompasses various types of derivatives, including framework-carbon composites, framework-metal nanoparticle hybrids, and mesoporous structures. These materials demonstrate notable advantages in catalysis, such as enhanced electrical conductivity, improved structural stability, and the incorporation of abundant active sites, which collectively contribute to their superior catalytic performance. Furthermore, we critically analyze the structural and functional enhancements enabled by these derivatives, emphasizing their contributions to advancing catalytic applications. In addition, we propose future research directions, including elucidating the mechanisms underlying material transformations during thermal treatment, diversifying catalyst design strategies, and establishing precise structure–performance relationships. These insights aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between catalyst structures and their functionalities, thereby guiding the rational design of next-generation catalytic materials.